Replication Data for: COVID-19 counterfactual evidence. Estimating the effects of school closures (ICPSR doi:10.13130/RD_UNIMI/ME0QQK)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Replication Data for: COVID-19 counterfactual evidence. Estimating the effects of school closures

doi:10.13130/RD_UNIMI/ME0QQK

UNIMI Dataverse

2023-02-01

1

Giuliani, Marco, 2023, "Replication Data for: COVID-19 counterfactual evidence. Estimating the effects of school closures", https://doi.org/10.13130/RD_UNIMI/ME0QQK, UNIMI Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:xK7xh0WyA7ehrAmmVgxkmA== [fileUNF]

Replication Data for: COVID-19 counterfactual evidence. Estimating the effects of school closures

doi:10.13130/RD_UNIMI/ME0QQK

Giuliani, Marco (University of Milano)

UNIMI Dataverse

Giuliani, Marco

Giuliani, Marco

2023-02-01

Social Sciences, Evaluation, Comparative analysis, Counterfactual, COVID-19, School closures

Scholars have started to estimate the effects of non-pharmaceutical interventions to reduce the health impact of COVID-19. However, the empirical evidence is highly contested, and since it is not known exactly what would have happened without those measures, political élites are left free to give credit to the voices that they prefer the most. We argue that any sensible assessment of the effectiveness of anti-COVID policies requires methodological reflection on what is actually comparable, and how to approximate the ideal “method of difference” theorized by John Stuart Mill. By evaluating the effectiveness of school closures as an anti-COVID policy, we provide two examples in which appropriate counterfactuals are inductively discovered rather than selected a priori. In the first one, we use Coarsened Exact Matching (CEM) in a cross-country setting, while in the second one, we implement the Synthetic Control Method in a within-country analysis. The article highlights the methodological advantages of including these techniques in the toolbox of policy scholars, while both examples confirm the effectiveness of school closures.

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Marco Giuliani (2023) COVID-19 counterfactual evidence. Estimating the effects of school closures, Policy Studies, 44:1, 112-131

• Number of cases: 1147

• No. of variables per record: 30

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:l+rFQUO5f+xshafrTY4mtg==

• Number of cases: 2237

• No. of variables per record: 29

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:xmBtjGKnH4JnM++Ea4S+Pw==

• Number of cases: 775

• No. of variables per record: 51

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:yesD8rkwH51tIWxCfe9o7A==

• Number of cases: 3317

• No. of variables per record: 24

• Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

UNF:6:8zqQG+m7e4x85mv/udR/8Q==

• date - date
• week - week
• year - year
• weeknum - weeknum
• totweek - Week
• region - region
• provincestring - province
• province - province
• numprovince - province
• numregion - numregion
• newcases - newcases
• totcases - totcases
• newcases_100000 - newcases_100000
• totcases_100000 - totcases_100000
• population - population
• logpop - log population
• density - density
• school - early opening
• newnew - New cases (100000)
• studpop - Avg region studpop
• active_cases_100000 - active_cases_100000 (region)
• new_tests_1000 - new_tests_1000 (region)
• positivityrate - positivity rate (region)
• rt - rt (region)
• popstud - popstud
• pre_rmspe
• post_rmspe
• lead
• effect
• newnew_synth
• date - Date
• monthyear - Time
• weekstring
• iso - ISO
• country - Country
• c1_school_closing
• c2_workplace_closing
• c3_cancel_public_events
• c4_restrictions_on_gatherings
• c5_close_public_transport
• c6_stay_at_home_requirements
• c7_movementrestrictions
• c8_internationaltravel
• flag1
• flag2
• flag3
• flag4
• flag5
• flag6
• flag7
• cindex1 - School index
• cindex2
• cindex3
• cindex4
• cindex5
• cindex6
• cindex7
• cindex8
• ccindex - Average cindex1-8
• date - Date
• weekstring - Week
• iso - Iso
• country - Country
• newcasespermillion - New cases per million
• l7newcasespermillion
• totaldeathspermillion - Total deaths per million
• fullyvaccinated - Pct fully vaccinated
• l7fullyvaccinated
• newtest1000 - New tests per thousand
• positivity - Positivity rate
• l7positivity
• c1_school_closing - c1_school_closing
• c2_workplace_closing - c2_workplace_closing
• c3_cancel_public_events - c3_cancel_public_events
• c4_restrictions_on_gatherings - c4_restrictions_on_gatherings
• c5_close_public_transport - c5_close_public_transport
• c6_stay_at_home_requirements - c6_stay_at_home_requirements
• c7_movementrestrictions - c7_movementrestrictions
• c8_internationaltravel - c8_internationaltravel
• flag1 - flag1
• flag2 - flag2
• flag3 - flag3
• flag4 - flag4
• flag5 - flag5
• flag6 - flag6
• flag7 - flag7
• School - School closing scale
• cindex1 - School index
• cindex2 - cindex2
• cindex3 - cindex3
• cindex4 - cindex4
• cindex5 - cindex5
• cindex6 - cindex6
• cindex7 - cindex7
• cindex8 - cindex8
• cothers - Average cindex 2-8
• ccindex - Average cindex1-8
• school75 - Dummy cindex > 75%
• l7cindex1
• l7cothers
• l7school75
• l7others75
• urbanization - Urbanization
• logpop - Log population
• density - Population density
• hdi - Human development index
• regulatoryquality - Regulatory Quality WGI
• ruleoflaw - Rule of Law WGI
• trust20 - Trust in government 2020 EUB-Oecd
• fatality - Fatality ratio
• date - date
• week - week
• year - year
• weeknum - weeknum
• totweek - totweek
• region - region
• provincestring - province
• province - province
• numregion - numregion
• newcases - newcases
• totcases - totcases
• newcases_100000 - newcases_100000
• totcases_100000 - totcases_100000
• population - population
• logpop - log population
• density - density
• school - early opening
• newnew - New cases (100000)
• studpop - Avg region studpop
• active_cases_100000 - active_cases_100000 (region)
• new_tests_1000 - new_tests_1000 (region)
• positivityrate - positivity rate (region)
• rt - rt (region)
• popstud - popstud

f17026 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:1nKDjztVX1MB0GHZBWb36Q==

f17026 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:icT8mjHBUcQ+3bYCDWRzPw==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.0; Valid 1147.0; Mean 2020.0; Max. 2020.0; Min. 2020.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:97GWdqmjorjtldLtjveT4g==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 53.0; Mean 38.0; Valid 1147.0; StDev 8.948173446459519; Min. 23.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PYcth3cJzQMpndSSAmjQKw==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 53.0; Valid 1147.0; Mean 38.0; Min. 23.0; StDev 8.948173446459519;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PYcth3cJzQMpndSSAmjQKw==

f17026 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:MJOVmQ/dQSDt6MjmomGkkw==

f17026 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:2vfqt37H39cdgZv2U2sRGw==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 30.570009716721962; Mean 49.72972972972973; Max. 105.0; Valid 1147.0; Min. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JN3HV1p9TnOnGHgMbhiutQ==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 10.68173564734639; Min. 1.0; Valid 1147.0; Max. 37.0; Mean 19.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8eAm0/qtE5jsNXqV9CDlzg==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 13.0; StDev 2.26287593970886; Max. 21.0; Valid 1147.0; Mean 17.270270270270267;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xRYka7Zb1KSZf6KAzPf+NA==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1147.0; StDev 1196.2759191924513; Min. -299.0; Mean 429.5780296425456; Max. 15735.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:D6FSUbNtCCevvEdmYy6BNQ==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 59.0; Mean 3716.7916303400043; Max. 117028.0; StDev 9925.930149054493; Valid 1147.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cvpTu3JfAHxCqYsnlUnG3g==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 106.87736023858254; Mean 67.97097968613772; Valid 1147.0; Max. 788.8105; Min. -28.0287;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:hnVfJYrPvukQnvpWV46/1Q==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 5610.8597; StDev 841.1891029681378; Min. 27.6234; Valid 1147.0; Mean 596.3913652136008;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:aAfMaLwkUbHmPFEJFzpIYA==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 548380.2432432431; Max. 3017658.0; Min. 153225.0; StDev 501991.9569896073; Valid 1147.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2ySlBQvxy7JRdBmcMGipGw==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.6489436607200775; Max. 14.919991493225098; Valid 1147.0; Min. 11.93966293334961; Mean 12.970804523777318

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vgp90Db/3CXXE6aazXOACA==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 224.78378378378366; Valid 1147.0; Min. 36.0; Max. 2560.0; StDev 398.79760421294435

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lVYTnMdRf680HicgPIjuAQ==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.12088980155288147; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.014821272885788982; Min. 0.0; Valid 1147.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8RVu31IsmvaNZr9UGZ01GQ==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1147.0; Max. 788.8104858398438; Min. 0.0; StDev 106.82576947813041; Mean 68.04393568842096;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZEdXagrdiJlZkioTIzkD3w==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1147.0; Mean 14.743942595816947; Min. 13.014129638671875; StDev 1.0140238001647162; Max. 16.52533721923828

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o89wQYxeN7V7E7VgzaYmfg==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.3652440905570984; Max. 2177.94140625; Valid 1147.0; StDev 473.63176522156476; Mean 322.5949025874822;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jEH8n2CixNIQcUUgNaM8gw==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 37.7299; StDev 6.055468886425249; Min. 1.6499; Mean 8.694257890148213; Valid 1147.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yqwDcLCktI5H2TZ5P1hY8w==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Valid 1147.0; Mean 0.051491630340017365; StDev 0.0553311321787053; Max. 0.2179;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:r/xVZbk0FFbXd6ttdwuYiA==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1147.0; Max. 1.99; Mean 0.870043591979076; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.41577919220064063;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HHfIEB/23d5RKYlNkm5r0g==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 1147.0; Min. 12.005899516673797; Max. 17.575685799525882; Mean 14.855850395403769; StDev 1.1842674172565935;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NEqW/da6tnbjCZgbh+/XdA==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 4.017190793076077; StDev 3.2674111479141787; Valid 1147.0; Min. 0.6574241518974304; Max. 16.24382209777832;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jTZTJkgwmQIgi0+ziGQL9A==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 288.92596435546875; Min. 24.36172866821289; StDev 48.64778872479574; Valid 1147.0; Mean 80.28641040905102;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5H+TmnIgaNQiOf6pWdeAWQ==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.0; Valid 1147.0; StDev 8.948173446459519; Max. 17.0; Min. -13.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gXVx5x/FvHQknFnTQ7bE3Q==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 659.8694458007812; StDev 67.46296017034118; Min. -290.692626953125; Valid 1147.0; Mean 3.486065038689045

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:CEqRjEuvFGG49hnq7VweAA==

f17026 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 92.98718817900144; Min. 0.0; Valid 1147.0; Mean 64.55787051705234; Max. 505.39007568359375

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QxbLVrgsO6rVp3sQlYA/gQ==

f17025 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ZPma5fNLLbgDaaOxenWu0g==

f17025 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:ZPma5fNLLbgDaaOxenWu0g==

f17025 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:nKU/3TaRM8jp8mfTHC9N/A==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 12.0; Valid 2237.0; StDev 53.96054272149259; Mean 98.19490388913587; Max. 195.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:050l1RP62sBUbf4pQEI8UQ==

f17025 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:JhQD5Yy61sbZHJIUt3MzkA==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; StDev 0.8948525839705128; Mean 1.7450350916540205; Valid 2237.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ZqTgWrmtNQaUrQ5CwYCmvQ==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.7239128740093896; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.8239308917712208; Max. 3.0; Valid 2237.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:zgonSNTkJKUZ204xZxaexQ==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2237.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.6731938596208727; Mean 1.5393704961707235; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TBI2EMxlH/xiWY2N62xKBw==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2237.0; StDev 1.233262355464231; Mean 3.1383867676723316; Max. 4.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tedPmIAwBzBRy0H6cN2/sQ==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2237.0; Mean 0.4248036655348014; Max. 2.0; StDev 0.5328415978297988; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fS0GiQcHsfwOSLluMukuxQ==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2237.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 0.9384540454399173; StDev 0.8122010663435131

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:btnsE3Lyugwnhx/F7PTPVg==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.8247643231863576; Valid 2237.0; Max. 2.0; Mean 0.721645238952922; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2TB69vIlOj7SeSQiSq9osw==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.9136800326267299; Mean 2.693211577609547; Valid 2237.0; Max. 4.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TdiEzJepRxG8e5QdhtuKUg==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Mean 0.8625206081081077; StDev 0.33828671763301177; Min. 0.0; Valid 2072.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MwNS9OXyTkvjpqmHABAOzQ==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.8655670465807727; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3344019441438683; Valid 2018.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OPre/MEW28Us0tlfW1CRiQ==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2015.0; StDev 0.26051305297627947; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.9220134987593048; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OJh802o0d+rcfefUYqHHgw==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.9021277537277533; Max. 1.0; StDev 0.2911892360606747; Valid 2079.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+hMo2Pe/z7YuXWHe4gNzTA==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Valid 930.0; StDev 0.20546962610030775; Mean 0.9539938709677418; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iswmbWOatJ1iSl3kaJjnnQ==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.3195486774381335; Mean 0.8787243093922645; Valid 1448.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ix0PE0EN7EREjXh8qD8njg==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.4380752317548709; Valid 1099.0; Mean 0.7283502274795282; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VaEfRTK+baFqKl/XuoZSrQ==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Mean 56.045519091052356; Valid 2237.0; Min. -7.143333435058594; StDev 29.199246881698652

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:iuQIjmoIm3UhFh95csuQpg==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 55.44255940126533; Valid 2237.0; StDev 27.020765447470684; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m/xcAiPtRFFjxYHnRIoLpA==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Min. -10.71500015258789; StDev 33.556877409466956; Valid 2237.0; Mean 75.21234690103881

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/Bgrt2xD2hta6rLgyTFZbQ==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Min. -1.7849996089935303; Valid 2237.0; StDev 30.643815883301855; Mean 77.32267546195456;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NIT/GyFzBF1SZkbMM/nm0A==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -10.71500015258789; Valid 2237.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 26.176878047266708; Mean 20.762023917254933;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:MQRtAOS5i3/VhdpSHZpkJw==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -7.143333435058594; StDev 26.380837415298434; Max. 100.0; Mean 29.973447094125607; Valid 2237.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rbDDy+tfFI1rp81/EYyKzQ==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 2237.0; StDev 38.21351861296547; Max. 100.0; Mean 32.74583929779805; Min. -10.71500015258789

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cTimSsrX1IFGXaphVLlfuQ==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 67.33028941693766; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0; Valid 2237.0; StDev 22.842000807496312

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uyERmXI/yk58ANt82MownA==

f17025 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 51.85433753734729; Max. 95.83333587646484; Valid 2237.0; StDev 20.966886144032834; Min. -0.29749995470046997;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cWRK1oNtoOBGOFRi+WtALw==

f17023 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:tHik0tLz31kCTgDybNTeyA==

f17023 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:IOFDtAUDdKmJ6m+4ey48/A==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 31.0; Valid 775.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 8.950047998369987; Mean 16.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:AFacihE8j5bF7aqc/wY8lQ==

f17023 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:McFzTrZDRmPvSO5WzXNx8w==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 9260.4072265625; StDev 1497.6021354491136; Valid 775.0; Mean 1586.0210057252418; Min. 11.721611976623535

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vbDsiI1nKMlv/ulqYdKEtw==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1537.0738764647822; Min. 11.721611976623535; Max. 9260.4072265625; Mean 1681.7376549837684; Valid 775.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jrWv9mSSaleUzhVqccfWsQ==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 775.0; StDev 663.6012648250653; Max. 3103.406982421875; Mean 1207.7498522745839; Min. 84.98200225830078

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:o3FjFem1XSFUZtlTge4biw==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 9.410512426319682; Valid 775.0; Max. 70.18000030517578; Min. 0.0; StDev 10.940368760301817;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wj8LPdnw1amTvLhV2auVPg==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 775.0; StDev 9.744064293900013; Min. 0.0; Max. 65.2699966430664; Mean 8.092852707963461

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ak01pTV42jblsrngU4Oggg==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 57.744140698217606; StDev 87.832075429621; Max. 592.1538696289062; Min. 4.765127182006836; Valid 775.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fR7PGHW/uVutuH//7HxRHA==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 6.342600050470025; StDev 6.7937993815208895; Valid 775.0; Min. 0.023270966485142708; Max. 41.95359802246094

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:TFnd4zOwtMwAYLowm4d8VA==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 6.818859940089539; Valid 775.0; Min. 0.03255147486925125; StDev 7.030832555793059; Max. 41.95359802246094

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5f0D6oA+XTGXNtDeaN9YXA==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Mean 1.8510599996582127; StDev 0.758567791037343; Valid 775.0; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:KfL37gCF1x3Ja0I+c1c/nQ==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.5914806287843292; Valid 775.0; Max. 3.0; Mean 2.0621206450077785; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xLtBBGWYs5ZfszIBIcvCLQ==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4628528532216476; Min. 0.0; Valid 775.0; Mean 1.721475096787177; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:2TAy337g2rwDDwHz+60r5Q==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Mean 3.7135483868660453; Valid 775.0; StDev 0.6460995010965223; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HrZQsKlq6yIHeZbxKUyTgw==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 775.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4993844247429754; Mean 0.4669125159132868; Max. 2.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wsyRIutuImHJto08NtDxkg==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 3.0; Mean 1.2101385804722404; Min. 0.0; Valid 775.0; StDev 0.8222100972811779

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:F4QA8nH/jjmUr66YtN+fag==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 0.8538839314520603; Max. 2.0; Mean 0.8134557419246222; Valid 775.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:gZt1/ZXBgxXTZH48N6tiDw==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.818064644817383; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.598253216787326; Valid 775.0; Max. 4.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IjgCZX+sq8pF8H+3dG509w==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.4078471892004419; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.7826413298565839; Valid 767.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:uRSGG8Y3KYkTcwZf1nYYiQ==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; StDev 0.3181662202609333; Valid 771.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.8804892347600518

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ewSGVN3/tv0XxuV/UaOqhw==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.9260764553686934; StDev 0.25640825246465715; Max. 1.0; Valid 773.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:m8u5M0SRvkU62SNSlVziQQ==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.22469586191910368; Mean 0.9462664072632943; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Valid 771.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:1iW/LjK3o2Yh1TA6fw1Vhw==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 372.0; StDev 0.19105614501140636; Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; Mean 0.9612134408602151

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:5d7CJ6d8zFrdr2TYEle3Zw==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 585.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.916483076923077; StDev 0.26921940835122216

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:grT93tNi+OcNdsA0ES4/zg==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 1.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.4031884824137293; Mean 0.7845093975903615; Valid 415.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Jl2K0r/qWUyO66QP0Lj+mw==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.7439596771617065; Valid 775.0; StDev 0.7250840854791751; Min. 0.0; Max. 3.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IXfrmVHGbzXOLu4qU6mQNw==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 100.0; Valid 775.0; StDev 24.15621625732983; Min. 0.0; Mean 58.13825451666056

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:T1cIe723XgHn13vmm97cVA==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 775.0; StDev 19.127745726630682; Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; Mean 66.75578773867691;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tIcSLTS24NsruUhkLM4s9A==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; Max. 100.0; StDev 23.188196000461804; Mean 84.23043548091773; Valid 775.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:+Z1awNRpN37hmdj1rCwFjg==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 16.161094915310674; Max. 100.0; Mean 92.17050645397553; Valid 775.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:sdK4FmINccqxUY+WXh+FHQ==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 775.0; Max. 75.0; Mean 22.880187092442668; StDev 24.60296758967209; Min. -10.71500015258789

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Ee/JkE+P6iblaFQSHgPKLA==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 775.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 26.741427643495484; Mean 39.287254607908125; Max. 83.33333587646484

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:XLjYGi5y9ZrnSL9x3R+TzQ==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. -10.71500015258789; Valid 775.0; Mean 37.78799354737813; StDev 40.190326700515925; Max. 100.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:6QVSurX2jw2IStbBCyucSg==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 775.0; StDev 14.956330414180186; Max. 100.0; Mean 70.45161609034388; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:l0DnaJABlX7c6df81JiARA==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 15.450179441518555; Valid 775.0; Max. 88.0952377319336; Mean 59.08054004915299; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QCVybqrGgMP921a8crL8yQ==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 58.96006631605087; StDev 15.15076519515111; Valid 775.0; Max. 87.5; Min. 0.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:/q7/OH/sFWQqugQBg8W3fA==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.40780090165894284; Valid 775.0; Mean 0.2103225806451608; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mEEOhbFT+jcYfFWFJekb8A==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 23.756979603771317; Valid 775.0; Mean 59.935489353056965; Max. 100.0; Min. 0.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PfOKEt//NDmqJeVl9VZVQQ==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 60.38580734745152; Valid 775.0; Min. 25.34083366394043; StDev 14.28321329433414; Max. 88.0952377319336

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:FAQRaqDC5XcMSPMGoLZL4w==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 775.0; Min. 0.0; StDev 0.42006441592734506; Mean 0.22838709677419486; Max. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jHoOT+mpsktIz3lQ7rzL3w==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.3680360434780741; Valid 775.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0; Mean 0.16129032258064444

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fPpt3//gkHpobgJR/QIiLg==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 75.0413870967742; StDev 12.753334145497258; Min. 53.76; Valid 775.0; Max. 98.079

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fCab1+Yp+Hw2cLQbhlTy0Q==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 15.77107008041874; Max. 18.243751525878906; StDev 1.4473688851969582; Min. 12.740370750427246; Valid 775.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:QsWlAh2BysXi7AkeYG4qnA==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 171.9054516438515; StDev 257.7016471704879; Min. 3.4040000438690186; Max. 1454.0369873046875; Valid 775.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:YSmjXUQQEMG9Ipub61KJWw==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.8159999847412109; Mean 0.9034838734134552; Valid 775.0; StDev 0.0383643874235852; Max. 0.9570000171661377

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yne6MVzGkhrHRjd/ZowmkA==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 1.2464012349805524; Min. 0.4620535969734192; Valid 775.0; Max. 1.8610789775848389; StDev 0.4238574606820987

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:j4TvOE/gU7kRuJoGczDPGA==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 775.0; Mean 1.174745358767048; Max. 2.022145986557007; StDev 0.60135359408587; Min. 0.03589659929275513

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LoS+dlIjB/EFN8f6EW6JbQ==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 19.3; Mean 46.640967741935484; Max. 84.63; Valid 775.0; StDev 18.80731521646334;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:DhoA6mmQjHHPaaMTZfv1NA==

f17023 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.004424103535711765; Max. 0.0427655391395092; Valid 775.0; StDev 0.00877198549449416; Mean 0.019617376126829657;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:cCUifUHYyDAL+TYxhy9vdw==

f17021 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:NVHF0Wt9i8jZ7YK3ve3Fcw==

f17021 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:UIGrQn5ojxyqusKKfXBApg==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2020.0; Mean 2020.0; StDev 0.0; Valid 3317.0; Min. 2020.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xMGRkb2cTHT3Ai4j3M2ajQ==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 8.945620462122918; Mean 38.0; Valid 3317.0; Max. 53.0; Min. 23.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tlw5N1C/5mtFm2HtAi/HKA==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 23.0; StDev 8.945620462122918; Valid 3317.0; Mean 38.0; Max. 53.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:tlw5N1C/5mtFm2HtAi/HKA==

f17021 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:IZonUNS/hn8i3x4bfBZBSA==

f17021 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:JHybfDbjBP0u3tnDMBB8yg==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 107.0; Mean 54.0; Valid 3317.0; Min. 1.0; StDev 30.891547323164314

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:q2PlTp68qH4MRNOu+v5fhw==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 10.28971962616813; Min. 1.0; Max. 21.0; StDev 5.999361130021311; Valid 3317.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rlWTEl8Geb4HMF3QMBXWCg==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1517.7601293268513; Valid 3317.0; Min. -330.0; Max. 24110.0; Mean 569.6689779921754;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jPx/bZsjz0xiHZChdKZ+iQ==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3317.0; Mean 6374.373228821331; Min. 58.0; StDev 13438.95750684967; Max. 175770.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:mnTu7++lAf79J/MxmL8apQ==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 973.1467; Mean 96.003114953271; StDev 148.1961663276789; Valid 3317.0; Min. -38.8331

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:rhSGN7hyQwwL+NQEvoiuQw==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 7586.2104; Valid 3317.0; Min. 27.6234; StDev 1216.8236511635605; Mean 1090.2822946035567

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:y+bsnwJT/Vgnjuv7kYcT2g==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 553809.0280373825; Valid 3317.0; Min. 81918.0; StDev 602707.8302787439; Max. 4227588.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:HPOAzMEgbRPTaMA6yKEMOg==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3317.0; Min. 11.31347370147705; StDev 0.7136206825324469; Mean 12.919494637819096; Max. 15.257142066955566

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:4ARHCkpDWykD0Po9N2ECrA==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2560.0; Min. 36.0; Mean 265.3084112149542; Valid 3317.0; StDev 375.9496401576376;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pIUCoUHFoXxuWXyNLxrnsg==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 0.474710111498045; Mean 0.34277962013867425; Valid 3317.0; Min. 0.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:yrZ7E/KRwInrfCAWIy0fpA==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 0.0; StDev 148.112558083083; Valid 3317.0; Max. 973.146728515625; Mean 96.11778507411613

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Rc1RlKwmbzbBUfULDdYOqw==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 12.344414710998535; Valid 3317.0; StDev 0.8735361272452984; Max. 16.52533721923828; Mean 14.047478461934034;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8FAb1Z5TMed8vWdTjATydA==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 3317.0; Max. 2177.94140625; Min. 0.3652440905570984; Mean 371.40020399368694; StDev 516.4226137739977

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:wml0T7iktllmSG67pnCHgA==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 8.38894474526127; Min. 0.0; Max. 45.9561; Valid 3317.0; Mean 12.530601899306578

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PLNUkDANvoDvTyVE2CKZPQ==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 0.228; StDev 0.059121684252533134; Valid 3317.0; Mean 0.05186873681037075; Min. -0.0097

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:M7TS3h1fz70c+FugajrBTg==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.9510581851070249; Valid 3317.0; StDev 0.3696575966657534; Min. 0.0; Max. 2.37;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:lfT4WK29ViA2KPj6/ZQVuQ==

f17021 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 1.1720618028683536; Mean 14.035470364411951; Max. 17.575685799525882; Min. 11.540338224618278; Valid 3317.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:9WEqzngaspRLeb5kJ3wkgQ==

Label:

EU31 Do.do

Text:

Stata code for the comparative analysis with CEM

application/x-stata-syntax

Label:

Province Do.do

Text:

Stata code for the within-Italy analysis with the SCM

application/x-stata-syntax