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After the downturns of the Great Recession, the major goal of this flagship initiative was to boost overall employment performance while reducing labour market segmentation and enhancing more stable job opportunities for labour market outsiders, especially among younger cohorts and women. Our empirical investigation relies on an innovative approach, namely, the synthetic control method, which allows us to estimate what would have happened if the Jobs Act had not been introduced. Comparing real-world observations for a number of key employment indicators with their estimated synthetic counterfactuals, we find that the Jobs Act did not fulfil its expectations; over the past five years, no significant effects were driven by the reform, which may even have led to an increase in labour market segmentation.","dsDescription:Date":"2023-02-02"},"Subject":"Social Sciences","citation:Keyword":[{"keyword:Term":"Labour market"},{"keyword:Term":"Unemployment"},{"keyword:Term":"Segmentation"},{"keyword:Term":"Counterfactual"}],"Related Publication":{"Citation":"Giuliani, M. and Madama, I. (2023). What if? Using counterfactuals to evaluate the effects of structural labour market reforms: evidence from the Italian Jobs Act. \"Policy Studies\" 44(2): 216-235. 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