Replication Data for: What if? Using counterfactuals to evaluate the effects of structural labour market reforms: evidence from the Italian Jobs Act (ICPSR doi:10.13130/RD_UNIMI/DGPOEU)

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Part 1: Document Description
Part 2: Study Description
Part 3: Data Files Description
Part 4: Variable Description
Part 5: Other Study-Related Materials
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Document Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: What if? Using counterfactuals to evaluate the effects of structural labour market reforms: evidence from the Italian Jobs Act

Identification Number:

doi:10.13130/RD_UNIMI/DGPOEU

Distributor:

UNIMI Dataverse

Date of Distribution:

2023-02-02

Version:

Bibliographic Citation:

Giuliani, Marco, 2023, "Replication Data for: What if? Using counterfactuals to evaluate the effects of structural labour market reforms: evidence from the Italian Jobs Act", https://doi.org/10.13130/RD_UNIMI/DGPOEU, UNIMI Dataverse, V1, UNF:6:UhEcOe5IBZ4qMsqKk2DbOg== [fileUNF]

Study Description

Citation

Title:

Replication Data for: What if? Using counterfactuals to evaluate the effects of structural labour market reforms: evidence from the Italian Jobs Act

Identification Number:

doi:10.13130/RD_UNIMI/DGPOEU

Authoring Entity:

Giuliani, Marco (University of Milano)

Distributor:

UNIMI Dataverse

Access Authority:

Giuliani, Marco

Depositor:

Giuliani, Marco

Date of Deposit:

2023-02-02

Study Scope

Keywords:

Social Sciences, Labour market, Unemployment, Segmentation, Counterfactual

Abstract:

The Dataset and code replicates the evaluation of the Jobs Act using the synthetic research method cointained in the article. The article assesses the impact of the Jobs Act, the structural labour market reform passed in Italy under Matteo Renzi’s cabinet in 2014-2015. After the downturns of the Great Recession, the major goal of this flagship initiative was to boost overall employment performance while reducing labour market segmentation and enhancing more stable job opportunities for labour market outsiders, especially among younger cohorts and women. Our empirical investigation relies on an innovative approach, namely, the synthetic control method, which allows us to estimate what would have happened if the Jobs Act had not been introduced. Comparing real-world observations for a number of key employment indicators with their estimated synthetic counterfactuals, we find that the Jobs Act did not fulfil its expectations; over the past five years, no significant effects were driven by the reform, which may even have led to an increase in labour market segmentation.

Methodology and Processing

Sources Statement

Data Access

Notes:

CC0 Waiver

Other Study Description Materials

Related Publications

Citation

Bibliographic Citation:

Giuliani, M. and Madama, I. (2023). What if? Using counterfactuals to evaluate the effects of structural labour market reforms: evidence from the Italian Jobs Act. "Policy Studies" 44(2): 216-235. DOI: 10.1080/01442872.2022.2039385

File Description--f17033

File: What if data.tab

Number of cases: 448
No. of variables per record: 32
Type of File: text/tab-separated-values

Notes:

UNF:6:UhEcOe5IBZ4qMsqKk2DbOg==

Variable Description

List of Variables:

Ncountry - group(Country)
Country - Country
eu15 - EU 15
Time - Time
employed1000 - Employed (thousands)
pop1000 - Population (thousands)
emplpop - Share of employed on population
emprate - Employment rate 20-64
youngrate - Young employment rate 15-24
y15_39 - Employment rate 15-39
y25_29 - Employment rate 25-29
empoldrate - Old employment rate 55-64
temporary - Share temporary contracts
tempyoung - Share young temporary contracts 15-24
womenrate - Women employment rate
unemp - Unemployment rate 20-64
unempactive - Unemployment rate active 20-64
gdp - GDP
growth - Growth
deficit - Deficit
debt - Debt
compensationeuro - Compensation euro
compenshoureuro - Compensation per hour (euro)
compensation - Compensation (pps)
compenshourpps - Compensation per hour (pps)
productivity - Productivity per person
productivityph - Productivity per hour
tertiary - Pct Tertiary education 25-64
strict1 - Oecd strictness of empl protection 1
strict2 - Oecd strictness of employment protection 2
emp2004_08
emp2009_14

Variables

group(Country)

f17033 Location:

Value	Label	Frequency
1.	Austria	16
20.	Netherlands	16
23.	Romania	16
3.	Bulgaria	16
27.	Sweden	16
2.	Belgium	16
26.	Spain	16
15.	Italy	16
22.	Portugal	16
11.	Germany	16
4.	Croatia	16
14.	Ireland	16
18.	Luxembourg	16
13.	Hungary	16
6.	Czechia	16
28.	United Kingdom	16
5.	Cyprus	16
21.	Poland	16
12.	Greece	16
16.	Latvia	16
9.	Finland	16
8.	Estonia	16
25.	Slovenia	16
24.	Slovakia	16
17.	Lithuania	16
19.	Malta	16
7.	Denmark	16
10.	France	16

Summary Statistics: Valid 448.0; Mean 14.5; StDev 8.086777674349804; Max. 28.0; Min. 1.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IBwF6aKzQYC0ghaYfXLuhA==

Country

f17033 Location:

Variable Format: character

Notes: UNF:6:dKNxndh7Sg/PnFpgMeLhfA==

EU 15

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 0.5357142857142856; StDev 0.49928040260144385; Min. 0.0; Valid 448.0; Max. 1.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:fVhsaJxHR6J6HLKBDr2gXQ==

Time

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 2019.0; Mean 2011.5; StDev 4.614925692780778; Valid 448.0; Min. 2004.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:8pSKTWNd/bH9Jifo9NHbaA==

Employed (thousands)

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 149.37; Mean 8160.179419642858; Valid 448.0; Max. 45123.0; StDev 10601.942853430393

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wcn1QaHClYY5q1WkdsGU8g==

Population (thousands)

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 401.16; Max. 83093.0; Mean 18032.613705357144; StDev 22854.25199507142; Valid 448.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:u9+zraXs8CsuMkVwHtfScQ==

Share of employed on population

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 36.056195013714984; Mean 45.281314455552156; StDev 4.055297178284404; Valid 448.0; Max. 54.304213351305165;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:esgxUSP3Vy8KKQXAen6H3A==

Employment rate 20-64

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 69.97834821428572; Max. 82.4; StDev 5.952436377778071; Min. 52.9; Valid 448.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:ofVmEwpJ9EIKS+wsVNs60Q==

Young employment rate 15-24

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 11.8; StDev 12.480344227632044; Mean 33.54174107142857; Max. 65.9; Valid 448.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:En2IpShUPm0S1UbFy/u1bg==

Employment rate 15-39

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 62.29040178571429; Valid 448.0; Min. 43.6; StDev 6.756951632499238; Max. 78.9

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:PNZkhxYwVck4waCfeC4xJA==

Employment rate 25-29

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 48.7; Max. 90.0; StDev 6.813916014461965; Mean 74.57566964285714; Valid 448.0;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:kaw9XQfjMM9WoYHpuF+cLA==

Old employment rate 55-64

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 78.0; Mean 48.64754464285714; Min. 26.2; StDev 11.375754005455347; Valid 448.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:IKMVoSgu9LcXyt5NWwdMJw==

Share temporary contracts

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 27.1; StDev 5.3653022022358385; Min. 0.7; Mean 9.054464285714287; Valid 448.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:vkNUtkO+BEYy5QZG39nFOQ==

Share young temporary contracts 15-24

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 2.0; StDev 18.313267719294803; Mean 31.79352678571428; Max. 69.0; Valid 448.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:km2jLQW0PABBM1GZhdOCdQ==

Women employment rate

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 63.8296875; StDev 8.160599283309507; Valid 448.0; Min. 33.2; Max. 80.2;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:qv9QHyt9hecNXeT5AMSqJA==

Unemployment rate 20-64

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.2380246218307214; Mean 6.305357142857143; Max. 20.2; Valid 448.0; Min. 1.6

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:NJJHtGiHGzlvLg4Cct1OrQ==

Unemployment rate active 20-64

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 27.3; Valid 448.0; Mean 8.308928571428572; Min. 2.0; StDev 4.29646967240469

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:jzDyaJzug70ck4WZ+l4fwQ==

GDP

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 448.0; StDev 708808.2798652694; Min. 5753.7; Mean 473203.3457589285; Max. 2978183.8

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:LlAech+en75yNU9EchXo3Q==

Growth

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 448.0; Mean 2.259870231688782; Max. 25.17640078862163; Min. -14.814333778635394; StDev 3.6266617040109788;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:0OdEjWRShADDOmq9ANtxsg==

Deficit

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 3.578016905721468; Mean -2.4218750000000004; Max. 5.1; Valid 448.0; Min. -32.1;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:nQOAufmfE+umDVoMD4Iyfg==

Debt

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 60.528348214285714; Max. 181.2; StDev 35.02790226819531; Valid 448.0; Min. 3.8

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:v2lyOnGXihXGZROtDbTRyw==

Compensation euro

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 71797.5; Valid 448.0; StDev 15592.842746259716; Mean 28430.361160714285; Min. 2914.9;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:Wex+SO3iHPALsFV25I5YbA==

Compensation per hour (euro)

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 11.182988553234923; Mean 17.882142857142856; Max. 47.7; Valid 448.0; Min. 1.7

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:b2VfHUEoeSVHQIPwS4xxdQ==

Compensation (pps)

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Max. 58138.5; Valid 448.0; Min. 8298.7; StDev 9896.344275274007; Mean 29796.5421875

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:JP+Oc8LraMrOVcQF/pmWEg==

Compensation per hour (pps)

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 7.7129036575065335; Max. 38.6; Min. 4.9; Valid 448.0; Mean 18.384375;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:UIqURdVeTGcDBSXFEOdw0g==

Productivity per person

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 8.018879575106533; Min. 66.6; Max. 120.3; Valid 448.0; Mean 96.65870535714285

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:pbQkFn412GoMRSDq29Ithw==

Productivity per hour

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Valid 448.0; Mean 95.63080357142857; Min. 63.0; StDev 8.653012162655067; Max. 119.9

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:O2bNyIuE4Ng8OPR9BbOe4g==

Pct Tertiary education 25-64

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: StDev 8.941008749244059; Valid 448.0; Max. 47.3; Mean 28.08861607142857; Min. 10.6;

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:OrtGuOwYH+4xi2LTbKpDpQ==

Oecd strictness of empl protection 1

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 2.380941002949853; Max. 4.416; Min. 1.103; Valid 339.0; StDev 0.669642165372779

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:xo8y7ca8awy+M8rLK4kboQ==

Oecd strictness of employment protection 2

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 1.568; Mean 2.592061946902655; Valid 339.0; StDev 0.4875480546763402; Max. 3.976

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:50JKuuu7g1CEu+Yrmh24Bw==

emp2004_08

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Mean 69.48999990735736; Min. 58.20000076293945; Max. 78.91999816894531; StDev 5.442124563905185; Valid 448.0

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:skClqUQV/5Dz/Ls3L0rg1w==

emp2009_14

f17033 Location:

Summary Statistics: Min. 58.36666488647461; Max. 79.16667175292969; Mean 68.35238088880267; Valid 448.0; StDev 5.40617449946907

Variable Format: numeric

Notes: UNF:6:VPgkS48NNylMjkXQ52AbMQ==

Other Study-Related Materials

Label:

What if do.do

Text:

Stata syntax

Notes:

application/x-stata-syntax